Why in news? A new Jupiter-size exoplanet with the highest density known till this date and mass 13 times than that of Jupiter, has been discovered by an international team of scientists at the Exoplanet Research Group of the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad.

• The planet discovered by scientists from India, Germany, Switzerland and the USA is with a density of ~14 g/cm3.

What is an exoplanet?

• An exoplanet is any planet beyond the solar system.
• Massive giant exoplanets are those having mass greater than four times that of Jupiter.

Indigenous  technology

• The discovery of this massive exoplanet was made using the indigenously made PRL Advanced Radial-velocity Abu-sky Search spectrograph (PARAS) at the 1.2 m telescope of PRL at its Gurushikhar Observatory in Mt. Abu by measuring the mass of the planet precisely.

About the new exoplanet

• Using PARAS, scientists discovered it as a planet by measuring the mass of the secondary body and hence, the planet is called TOI 4603b or HD 245134b.
• It is located 731 light years away. It orbits a sub-giant F-type star TOI4603 every 7.24 days. NASA’s The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) initially declared TOI4603 as a possible candidate to host a secondary body of unknown nature.

Mass of the exoplanet

• The planet falls into the transition mass range of massive giant planets and low-mass brown dwarfs with masses ranging from 11 to 16 times the mass of Jupiter.
• Only fewer than five exoplanets are currently known in this mass range so far.

One of the densest

• It is one of the most massive and densest giant planets that orbits very close to its host star at a distance less than 1/10th the distance between our Sun and Earth.

Eccentricity

• The exoplanet with a surface temperature of 1670 K is likely undergoing high-eccentricity tidal migration with an eccentricity value of approximately 0.3.
• Significance: The detection of such systems provides valuable insights into the formation, migration, and evolution mechanisms of massive exoplanets.

Third by India

• This discovery marks the third exoplanet discovery by India, and by the PRL scientists using PARAS spectrograph and the PRL 1.2m telescope, following the discoveries in 2018 (K2-236b) and 2021 (TOI-1789b).