The 39th Indian National Congress session held in Belgaum in December 1924 was significant for several reasons:

Historical Significance

• Gandhi's Presidency:
  • It was the only Congress session presided over by Mahatma Gandhi, marking a unique event in the history of the Indian National Congress.
  • Gandhi's leadership during the session symbolized his growing influence within the Congress and the broader Indian independence movement.

Political Importance

• Unification of Congress Factions:
  • The session provided a platform for unifying various factions within the Congress. At a time when internal divisions and ideological differences were prevalent, Gandhi's leadership aimed to bring together moderates and extremists within the party.
  • It helped bridge the gap between the Swarajists, who advocated for legislative reforms, and the no-changers, who supported non-cooperation and constructive work as advocated by Gandhi.

Social and Regional Impact

• Highlighting Regional Participation:
  • Holding the session in Belgaum, Karnataka, highlighted the importance of regional participation in the national movement. It demonstrated the Congress's efforts to include different regions of India, emphasizing the pan-Indian nature of the struggle for independence.
• Promotion of Local Leaders:
  • The efforts of local leaders like Gangadhararao Deshpande were instrumental in organizing the session. This showcased the role of regional leaders in the national movement, giving them recognition and boosting local morale.

Symbolic Acts

• Gandhi’s Simple Lifestyle:
  • The construction of a simple hut for Gandhi, rejecting a more elaborate structure, symbolized his commitment to simplicity and his connection with the common people.
  • This act reinforced Gandhi’s principles of minimalism and self-reliance, core tenets of his philosophy which he consistently promoted throughout his leadership.

Strategic Decisions and Resolutions

• Strategic Planning:
  • The session was used to discuss and strategize on future actions against British rule, considering the political scenario of the time, including the impact of the non-cooperation movement and the necessity of future civil disobedience.
• Focus on Constructive Programs:
  • Gandhi emphasized constructive programs, such as promoting khadi (hand-spun cloth), village industries, and the eradication of untouchability, which became central to the Congress's activities in subsequent years.

Legacy

• Strengthening the Congress:
  • The session strengthened the Indian National Congress by reaffirming its commitment to non-violent struggle and constructive work. This solidified Gandhi's approach and prepared the party for future challenges, including the civil disobedience movement.

In conclusion, the Belgaum Congress Session of 1924 was pivotal in consolidating Gandhi's leadership within the Congress, promoting unity among diverse factions, emphasizing regional inclusivity, and setting the stage for future strategic actions in India's fight for independence.