Give a geographical account on oilseeds of India. (12 MARKS) (GS2 – KAS MAINS 2015)
India's oilseed production is influenced by a diverse range of geographical factors such as climate, soil types, topography, and rainfall patterns. Here's a geographical account highlighting the key regions and states contributing to oilseed production in India:
Western Region:
Gujarat: Known as the top groundnut-producing state in India, Gujarat's favorable climate and soil conditions, especially in regions like Saurashtra and North Gujarat, support high groundnut yields. The state also cultivates other oilseeds like sesame and castor seed.
Northern Region:
Rajasthan: This state is a major producer of rapeseed and mustard, particularly in the areas of Bharatpur, Kota, and Jaipur. The semi-arid climate and suitable soil types contribute to the success of these oilseed crops.
Central Region:
Madhya Pradesh: Known as the top soybean-producing state in India, Madhya Pradesh's regions like Indore, Ujjain, and Bhopal are ideal for soybean cultivation due to their black soil and sufficient rainfall. The state also cultivates other oilseeds like sesame and groundnut.
Chhattisgarh: This state also contributes significantly to soybean production, especially in regions like Raipur and Durg. The soil and climatic conditions support the growth of soybean and other oilseed crops.
Southern Region:
Andhra Pradesh and Telangana: These states are known for their sesame cultivation, particularly in regions like Kurnool, Guntur, and Warangal. The semi-arid to sub-humid climate and well-drained soils favor sesame production.
Karnataka: This state is the largest producer of sunflower seeds in India, with regions like Gulbarga, Bijapur, and Raichur leading in sunflower cultivation. Karnataka also cultivates other oilseeds like groundnut and sesame.
Eastern Region:
West Bengal: Known for its jute cultivation, West Bengal also produces significant quantities of rapeseed and mustard, particularly in regions like Bardhaman, Murshidabad, and Malda. The fertile Gangetic plains support oilseed cultivation.
Odisha: This state cultivates oilseeds like groundnut, sesame, and mustard in regions like Balasore, Cuttack, and Sambalpur, benefiting from its diverse agro-climatic zones.
Western Ghats Region:
Kerala: While not a major oilseed producer, Kerala cultivates oilseeds like coconut and sesame in regions like Malappuram, Thrissur, and Kottayam. The coastal climate and well-distributed rainfall support coconut cultivation.
Himalayan Region:
Uttarakhand: This hilly state grows oilseeds like soybean, rapeseed, and mustard in regions like Dehradun, Haridwar, and Nainital. The foothills and plains of Uttarakhand offer suitable conditions for oilseed cultivation.
These geographical regions and states collectively contribute to India's diverse oilseed production, playing a crucial role in the country's agricultural landscape and food security.
