Published on: February 6, 2025

STORY OF NAVIC: CRUCIAL INDIGENOUS SATNAV SYSTEM

STORY OF NAVIC: CRUCIAL INDIGENOUS SATNAV SYSTEM

  • Conception:
    • Conceived in 1999 after the Kargil War due to limitations on using the US GPS in the conflict zone.
    • Aim: To establish an indigenous satellite navigation system for both defense and civilian needs.
  • Development:
    • Proposed to be operational by 2016.
    • First satellite, IRNSS 1A, launched in July 2013.
    • A total of 11 satellites launched between 2013 and 2025 (including replacements).
  • Challenges and Setbacks:
    • Rubidium Atomic Clock Failures:
      • Multiple failures reported in several IRNSS satellites.
      • Affected satellites: IRNSS-1A, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1G.
      • Replacement satellites launched, but some encountered issues (e.g., IRNSS-1H).
    • Engine Failure:
      • Partial failure of NVS-02 (IRNSS-1K) due to non-firing of engines.
    • Orbital Issues:
      • IRNSS-1H failed to reach the desired orbit.
  • Current Status:
    • Estimated that only four IRNSS satellites are fully operational: 1B, 1F, 1I, and 1J.
    • ISRO’s 2023-24 report indicates five operational satellites, but some may have limitations.
  • Importance of NavIC:
    • Defense: Provides reliable positioning data for military applications, independent of GPS.
    • Civilian: Offers positioning services for general and commercial use.
    • Accuracy: Provides position accuracy better than 20 meters within India and a 1,500 km radius.
  • Future Plans:
    • Launch of three more second-generation NavIC satellites (NVS-03, 04, and 05) to enhance the system.
    • Integration with commercial applications (e.g., mobile phones) to increase usage.