News: India rejected the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), The Hague ruling that the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), 1960 remains fully in force, maintaining that the Court has no jurisdiction over India.

Indus Waters Treaty, 1960

• Eastern Rivers → Ravi, Beas, Sutlej → mainly India.
• Western Rivers → Indus, Jhelum, Chenab → mainly Pakistan, with India allowed specified uses including hydropower.

Dispute Resolution

• Permanent Indus Commission: One Commissioner each from India and Pakistan → cooperation + information exchange.
• Neutral Expert: Deals with specified technical differences.
• Court of Arbitration: Deals with specified disputes under the Treaty.

India’s Position

• India placed the IWT in abeyance after the Pahalgam terror attack (22 April 2025).
• India rejects the Court of Arbitration’s jurisdiction → considers its proceedings and rulings legally unacceptable.

Rattle Hydroelectric Project

• Located on the Chenab River, Jammu & Kashmir.
• Court imposed interim restrictions on certain construction activities concerning the dam and power-intake structure.