NEWS: India observed Gandhi Jayanti on 2 October 2026; the day is also observed globally as the International Day of Non-Violence.

ABOUT GANDHI

• Born → 1869, Porbandar, Gujarat.
• Core ideas → Ahimsa + Satyagraha + Sarvodaya.

SOUTH AFRICA (1893–1914)

• Natal Indian Congress → 1894.
• Indian Opinion → 1903.
• Phoenix Settlement → 1904.
• Tolstoy Farm → 1910.

EARLY SATYAGRAHAS

• Returned to India → 9 January 1915.
• Champaran Satyagraha (1917) → indigo cultivation + tinkathia system.
• Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918) → labour dispute.
• Kheda Satyagraha (1918) → land revenue issue.

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

• Dandi March → 12 March 1930.
• Started from Sabarmati Ashram with 78 followers.
• 6 April 1930 → salt law broken.

→ Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) + Second Round Table Conference.

QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT

• 8 August 1942 → Quit India Resolution adopted at Gowalia Tank Maidan, Bombay.
• Gandhi’s call → “Do or Die”.

CONSTRUCTIVE PROGRAMME

• All India Harijan Sevak Sangh → 1932.
• Wardha Scheme of Basic Education (Nai Talim) → 1937.
• Focus → social reform + village industries + education.

CONGRESS PRESIDENCY

• Presided over Congress only once → Belgaum Session, 1924.

LITERARY WORKS

• Hind Swaraj → 1909.
• The Story of My Experiments with Truth → autobiography.
• Edited → Young India, Navajivan + Harijan.