NEWS: Concerns over the effectiveness of green crackers in controlling Delhi-NCR’s pollution during Diwali.

ABOUT GREEN CRACKERS

• Developed with the involvement of CSIR-NEERI to reduce emissions compared with conventional crackers.
• Newer variants claim 45–60% reduction in PM10 emissions under specified testing conditions.
• Not pollution-free → Can still cause air and noise pollution.

SUPREME COURT

• 2018 – Arjun Gopal case: Permitted green crackers, prohibited joined firecrackers (laris) and prescribed a two-hour bursting window.

KEY CONCERNS

• Excessive use can offset emission reductions.
• QR-code misuse and unauthorised manufacturing weaken certification.
• Inadequate testing facilities and enforcement.
• Other pollution sources → Vehicles, construction dust, stubble burning and winter weather conditions.

WAY FORWARD

• Strengthen certification, testing and QR-code verification.
• Formalise manufacturing and strictly enforce regulations.
• Promote public awareness and responsible celebrations.
• Control other pollution sources alongside firecracker regulation.