NEWS – The Karnataka government has designated 1,495 acres of reserve forest in Mamadapur, Vijayapura district, as a biodiversity heritage site. The site is named the “Shri Siddeshwara Swami Biodiversity Heritage Site,” honoring a spiritual leader known for his conservation efforts

HIGHLIGHTS

Significance

• Ecological Importance: The area features dry deciduous and scrub forests, providing habitats for diverse flora and fauna.
• Conservation Role: The forest contributes to water conservation, soil stabilization, and supports local community livelihoods.

Criteria for Designation

The biodiversity heritage site was proposed based on four key criteria:

1. Ecological Features: Unique ecological attributes of the area.
2. Fragile Ecosystem: Vulnerability of the ecosystem to external pressures.
3. Cultural Significance: Historical and cultural relevance to local communities.
4. Community Support: Backing from local populations for conservation efforts.

BIODIVERSITY HERITAGE SITES (BHS)

• Definition: BHS are areas with high ecological and cultural significance, showcasing species richness, rare and endemic species, and keystone species.
• Cultural Elements: They often include sacred groves and community-conserved areas.

Legal Framework

• Biological Diversity Act, 2002:
  • Section 37: Empowers state governments to declare BHS in consultation with local bodies.
  • Management Plans: States can develop rules for the administration and preservation of these sites.
  • Community Engagement: Ideas for BHS declarations can be solicited through Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs).

Importance of Biodiversity Heritage Sites

• Community Practices: Designation of BHS should not restrict local practices unless decided by the community.
• Quality of Life: Aims to enhance the quality of life for residents through conservation initiatives.

Components of Biodiversity Heritage Sites

• Biodiversity Features:
  • Wild and domesticated species, high endemism, and keystone species.
  • Presence of endangered and evolutionary significant species.
• Cultural Values: Areas with ethical or aesthetic significance that contribute to cultural diversity.

Characteristics of Biodiversity Heritage Sites

• Natural and Semi-Natural Habitats: Diverse ecosystems with a variety of living organisms.
• Agro-Ecosystems: Regions with significant domesticated biodiversity supported by agricultural practices.
• Cultural Spaces: Sacred groves, community-conserved areas, and urban green spaces.

NOTE – The Nallur Tamarind Grove in Bengaluru was designated as India’s first Biodiversity Heritage Site in 2007.