NVIDIA RTX Spark (IE): A new system-on-chip (SoC) co-developed by NVIDIA and MediaTek to run large language models (LLMs) and AI applications locally on Windows laptops and compact desktops+ The chip is designed for the “agentic PC era“, in which AI agents perform multi-step reasoning and execute tasks autonomously, without constant reliance on cloud connectivity.

Infiltration excess (a.k.a Hortonian runoff): It refers to the condition in hydrology where the rate of rainfall is greater than the rate at which the soil can absorb or infiltrate the water; a property known as infiltrability+ Different from saturation excess (bottom up): Unlike Infiltration excess (top down)  which is rain dependent, Saturation excess is subsoil dependent+ It occurs when the soil is completely filled with water due to subsoil restrictions+ Key Drivers+ Climate: predominant in semiarid and arid zones where short but high-intensity storms occur+Soil Properties: e.g. texture, initial water content etc.

Pyroprocessing: It is a way to change a solid material physically or chemically using high temperature+ It is a dry process and very energy-intensive+ Application: Cement-making: limestone, clay and iron are melted to form clinkers which in turn produce cement+ Metallurgy: To extract metals from their ores e.g. calcining (heating limestone to yield lime) + Nuclear power: To reprocess spent nuclear fuel