Tropical Cyclones: Warm-core, non-frontal, low-pressure systems developing over tropical/subtropical waters with organised, closed circulation+ Formation Conditions: High Sea Surface Temperature (SST), primary fuel is water vapour evaporated from warm ocean surfaces, presence of coriolis force, low vertical wind shear, pre-existing low-pressure disturbance, atmospheric instability and high mid-tropospheric humidity+ Other names: Hurricane, Typhoon, Willy- willy, etc.

Submarine Fan: A submarine fan is a fan-shaped sediment deposit on the deep-sea floor+ Formation: Mainly formed by turbidity currents carrying mud, sand and other sediments downslope through submarine channels+ Structure: The principal elements of submarine fans are canyons, channels and lobes+ Bengal Fan is the world’s largest submarine fan+ Hydrocarbon Significance: Coarse sand deposited in channels can form potential oil and gas reservoirs.

PAIMANA: It was launched in 2025, replacing the Online Computerized Monitoring System (OCMS-2006)+ It is a web-based platform for transparent, efficient and data-driven monitoring of Central Sector infrastructure projects+ Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) + Coverage: It monitors Central Sector infrastructure projects costing ₹150 crore and above+ PAIMANA-CRIP: Launched in July 2026, it replaced the Integrated Project Monitoring Portal and aims to become a Central Repository of Infrastructure Projects.