Glueballs: Fundamental Forces: There are four fundamental forces in nature- Strong, Weak, Electromagnetic and Gravity+ Force-carrier particles: These forces result from the exchange of certain specific particles which are unique to each force and act as a mediator+ Strong Force- Mediated by Gluons+ Weak Force- Mediated by W and Z bosons+ Electromagnetic- Mediated by photons+ Gravity- Graviton (It is not yet found).

Ozone Layer: It is a region of the stratosphere (approximately 15 to 40 kilometers above the Earth's surface) that contains the bulk of atmospheric ozone+ Protective Role: It serves as a shield that protects all life on Earth from the sun's harmful radiation+ Ozone Depletion: Human activities have released ozone-depleting substances (ODS) — such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform+ Effects of Ozone Depletion: UVB light causes skin cancer and cataracts in humans, harmful damage to crops and plants, marine organisms etc.

Nurturing Aspirations through Vocational Training for Young Adolescent Girls (NAVYA) : Launched: 2025+ Joint initiative of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) and Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD)+ Implemented under: Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) 4.0+ Objective: Empowering adolescent girls(16-18 years) through industry-relevant vocational training and career-oriented skills with On-the-Job Training (OJT)+ Focus: Futuristic job roles along with a Holistic Development Module+ Covers digital literacy, financial literacy, career readiness, and entrepreneurship orientation.