NEWS: The UN Charter marked its 81st anniversary, renewing discussions on reforming the UN framework to address contemporary global challenges.

ABOUT THE UN CHARTER

• A binding international treaty signed by 50 countries at San Francisco on 26 June 1945.
• Came into force on 24 October 1945 (celebrated as United Nations Day).
• Established the United Nations (UN) and defined its structure, objectives, and powers.
• India signed the Charter as British India and is a founding member of the UN.

SIX PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF THE UN

• United Nations General Assembly (UNGA)
• United Nations Security Council (UNSC)
• International Court of Justice (ICJ)
• Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
• Secretariat
• Trusteeship Council (currently inactive)

KEY PROVISIONS

• Article 1: Defines the UN's purposes—maintaining international peace and security, promoting friendly relations, international cooperation, and harmonising actions of nations.
• Article 2: Upholds the sovereign equality of all Member States.
• Article 27: Grants veto power to the five permanent members (P5) of the UNSC on non-procedural matters.