Introduction

• India's coastline faces growing threats from sealevel rise, cyclones, storm surges, and coastal erosion due to climate change.
• While traditional infrastructure such as seawalls remains important, Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) is emerging as a sustainable approach for enhancing climate resilience.

Role of EbA in Coastal Adaptation

Natural Protection Against Climate Hazards

• Mangroves reduce storm surges and coastal flooding.
• Coral reefs dissipate wave energy.
• Seagrass meadows stabilize sediments.

Ecological Benefits

• Conservation of biodiversity.
• Carbon sequestration through Blue Carbon ecosystems.
• Improved ecosystem health.

Socio-Economic Benefits

• Supports fisheries and tourism.
• Strengthens livelihood security.
• Enhances community resilience.

Evidence from India

• Bhitarkanika mangroves reduced impacts of Cyclone Dana.
• Sundarbans restoration programme helped reduce cyclone damage while supporting local livelihoods.
• MISHTI aims to restore 540 sq. km. of mangroves across nine States.

Challenges

• Preference for visible grey infrastructure.
• Fragmented institutional responsibilities.
• Weak monitoring of adaptation outcomes.
• Inadequate recognition of EbA in policy frameworks.

Way Forward

• Mainstream EbA into coastal planning.
• Increase funding and climate finance.
• Develop clear monitoring frameworks.
• Promote community participation.
• Adopt a hybrid model combining green and grey infrastructure.

Conclusion

• Ecosystem-based Adaptation provides a cost-effective, sustainable, and socially inclusive pathway for coastal resilience.
• Integrating EbA into India's climate adaptation strategy can strengthen both environmental security and long-term development outcomes.