Introduction

• Gene editing + apomixis offer new opportunities to improve crop yield, quality and climate resilience.

Role of Genetic Technologies

• Gene Editing (CRISPR-Cas9): Targeted DNA changes for higher yield, disease resistance + stress tolerance.
• DRR Dhan 100: Early maturity + reduced water requirements.
• Pusa DST Rice-1: Improved salinity + alkalinity tolerance.
• Apomixis: Seed formation without fertilisation; preserves hybrid traits across generations + reduces seed costs.

Challenges

• High research costs + weak public research capacity.
• Biosafety + environmental concerns.
• Expensive seeds + private-sector dominance.
• Limited access for small farmers.

Way Forward

• Strengthen ICAR + agricultural universities.
• Invest in plant genetics + climate-resilient research.
• Ensure scientific biosafety assessment + transparent regulation.
• Promote affordable seeds + farmer participation.
• Expand field trials + public-sector breeding.

Conclusion

Genetic technologies can strengthen India's food security, provided innovation remains safe, affordable and farmer-centric.