The strategic significance of both the Quad and BRICS in the current geopolitical landscape is notable, particularly as global dynamics shift and new alliances emerge.

THE QUAD

1. Background and Context
   • Formation and Purpose: The Quad, or Quadruple Security Dialogue, includes the U.S., Japan, India, and Australia. Established to address strategic and security concerns in the Indo-Pacific region, it aims to counterbalance China’s growing influence.
   • Recent Developments: The Quad Foreign Ministers’ meeting in Japan in July 2023 marked a significant engagement after a ten-month hiatus, reflecting the group’s continued relevance amidst global challenges.
2. India’s Role in the Quad
   • Strategic Objectives: India has embraced the Quad’s strategic goals, which focus on regional security and technological advancement. Under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership, India has emphasized maritime security and broader Indo-Pacific stability.
   • Geopolitical Significance: The Quad’s activities, including initiatives to reorient global supply chains and enhance cooperation in critical technologies, underscore the intersection of development and security.
3. Challenges and Contrasts
   • Security vs. Development: While the Quad is heavily focused on security and strategic deterrence, particularly against China, India’s vision encompasses a broader developmental perspective. India’s reluctance to fully embrace a purely security-focused approach distinguishes its role within the group.
   • AUKUS and Indo-Pacific Securitization: The formation of AUKUS, involving the U.S., Australia, and the U.K., highlights a military-centric view of the Indo-Pacific. India’s cautious stance reflects its balanced approach to regional security and its non-alliance status.

BRICS

1. Background and Context
   • Formation and Purpose: BRICS, comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, was founded to reform the multilateral system and promote economic cooperation among emerging economies.
   • India’s Initial Enthusiasm: As a founding member, India supported BRICS’ goals of multilateral reform and economic development, evident from its active participation in the early years.
2. India’s Role in BRICS
   • Advocacy for Reform: India played a crucial role in advocating for a reformed multilateralism during the BRICS summit in 2018. The New Development Bank and Contingent Reserve Arrangement are notable initiatives that reflect BRICS’ commitment to economic stability and development.
   • Current Challenges: The growing influence of China within BRICS and its push to use the group to challenge Western dominance has created friction. India’s cautious approach reflects its concerns over China’s dominance and the potential divergence in BRICS’ objectives.
3. Potential and Challenges
   • Expansion and Influence: Despite reluctance, BRICS’ expansion has gained traction, with new countries expressing interest in joining. India’s position as a key player necessitates active engagement to ensure that BRICS’ direction aligns with its interests.
   • Balancing Act: With India being a common member in both Quad and BRICS, there is a need to balance its commitments and leverage the strengths of each grouping. India’s approach must navigate the complexities of its dual role without undermining its strategic interests in either forum.

CONCLUSION

• Strategic Dilemmas: India’s involvement in both Quad and BRICS presents unique strategic dilemmas. While Quad offers a platform for addressing regional security concerns and enhancing technological cooperation, BRICS provides an avenue for economic collaboration and multilateral reform.
• Need for Engagement: India must engage actively with both groups, leveraging their strengths while managing the challenges and potential contradictions inherent in its dual membership. Ensuring that both Quad and BRICS serve India’s national interests requires a nuanced and strategic approach, balancing security, development, and diplomatic priorities.