With reference to the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), consider the following statements:

1. The IPU was established in 1889 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
2. India is a full member of the IPU through the Indian Parliamentary Group.
3. The IPU received permanent observer status at the United Nations General Assembly in 2002.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to India–Switzerland bilateral relations, consider the following statements:

1. India and Switzerland established diplomatic relations through a Friendship Treaty signed in 1948.
2. Switzerland is a member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
3. The India–EFTA Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement provides a framework for deeper trade and investment cooperation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to TAPAS-1, consider the following statements:

1. TAPAS-1 uses Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR) sensing to capture thermal information from Earth’s surface.
2. It can be used for monitoring agricultural stress, forest fires and urban heat variations.
3. TAPAS-1 is a conventional large-scale geostationary satellite designed primarily for communication services.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to permafrost, consider the following statements:

1. Permafrost is ground that remains frozen at or below 0°C for at least two consecutive years.
2. The active layer above permafrost thaws during summer and freezes again during colder seasons.
3. Thawing permafrost can release carbon dioxide, methane and heavy metals into the environment.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM), consider the following statements:

1. JCM is a bilateral mechanism between Japan and partner developing countries to promote low-carbon technologies and generate emission reduction credits.
2. It operates under Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement.
3. Corresponding adjustments under JCM help prevent double counting of emission reductions.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?