With reference to the 2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, consider the following statements:

1. Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel discovered light-gated channelrhodopsins in green algae.
2. Optogenetics combines light and genetic engineering to control specific cells.
3. Karl Deisseroth demonstrated the use of channelrhodopsin to control neurons with light.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS), consider the following statements:

1. It is India’s first all-India household travel survey conducted by the National Statistics Office under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
2. Walking is the largest mode of travel among students, followed by buses and bicycles.
3. Two-wheelers are the most commonly used primary mode of transport for workers, with higher usage in urban areas than rural areas.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to Karnataka’s spice belt and drought impact, consider the following statements:

1. Chilli and turmeric have recorded significant crop losses due to drought conditions in Karnataka.
2. Dharwad and Bagalkot were among the districts most affected by chilli crop losses.
3. The drought survey was jointly conducted by the Karnataka State Department of Horticulture, Revenue Department and Karnataka State Disaster Management Authority.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to cholera, consider the following statements:

1. Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae.
2. It is transmitted mainly through contaminated food and water.
3. Cholera primarily affects the respiratory system.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to global cholera control, consider the following statements:

1. The Global Task Force on Cholera Control aims to reduce cholera deaths by 90% by 2030.
2. Oral cholera vaccine production increased significantly between 2022 and 2025.
3. The African Region recorded a decline in cholera deaths in 2025 compared with 2024.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?