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Growth,National Income,Inflation,Planning,Bodies

Economics · 10 Questions
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Question 1

Consider the following statements regarding the calculation of National Income in India:

  1. Real GDP is calculated using current market prices.
  2. Nominal GDP is more effective than Real GDP for comparing the economic growth of a country over different years.
  3. The GDP Deflator is a measure of the level of prices of all new, domestically produced, final goods and services in an economy. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 
  • A 1 and 2 only
  • B 3 only
  • C 1 and 3 only
  • D 1, 2, and 3
✓ Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Explanation: Real GDP is calculated at constant prices (Base Year), not current prices (Statement 1 is wrong). Real GDP is better for comparison because it removes inflation effects (Statement 2 is wrong). Statement 3 correctly defines the GDP deflator.
Question 2

Which of the following are included while calculating the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of India?

  1. Services of a housewife.
  2. Income of an Indian citizen working in the USA.
  3. Profit of a foreign bank operating in India.
  4. Value of second-hand car sales. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 
  • A 3 only
  • B 1, 2, and 3
  • C 2 and 4 only
  • D 1 and 3 only
✓ Correct Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Explanation: GDP only counts market transactions (housewife services are non-market, so 1 is out). GDP is domestic; income from abroad is part of GNP (2 is out). Second-hand sales are not new production (4 is out). Profit of a foreign bank in India is produced within India, so it is part of India's GDP.
Question 3

With reference to 'Potential GDP', consider the following statements:

  1. It is the maximum level of output an economy can produce when it uses all its resources efficiently.
  2. It is always equal to the Real GDP of an economy.
  3. Inflationary pressure typically arises when the actual GDP exceeds the potential GDP. Which of the statements given above are correct? 
  • A 1 and 2 only
  • B 2 and 3 only
  • C 1 and 3 only
  • D 1, 2, and 3
✓ Correct Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Explanation: Potential GDP is the "speed limit" of the economy. If Actual GDP > Potential GDP, the economy is overheating, causing inflation. Actual GDP is rarely exactly equal to Potential GDP due to business cycles.
Question 4

Consider the following statements regarding the 'Base Year' in National Income accounting:

  1. It is a representative year which is used to eliminate the effect of price changes.
  2. The current base year for GDP calculation in India is 2011-12.
  3. A change in the base year usually leads to an immediate increase in the real growth rate of the economy. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 
  • A 1 only
  • B 1 and 2 only
  • C 2 and 3 only
  • D 1, 2, and 3
✓ Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Explanation: Statement 3 is false; a base year change updates the weights and coverage to reflect the modern economy, but it doesn't automatically "increase" the growth rate—it just makes the measurement more accurate.
Question 5

Which of the following measures can be used by the RBI to control inflation?

  1. Increasing the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR).
  2. Purchasing government securities in the open market.
  3. Decreasing the Repo Rate.
  4. Increasing the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR). Select the correct answer using the code given below: 
  • A 1 and 2 only
  • B 1 and 4 only
  • C 2 and 3 only
  • D 1, 2, and 4
✓ Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Explanation: To control inflation, the RBI needs to reduce money supply (Contractionary Policy). Increasing CRR and SLR sucks liquidity out. Purchasing securities (OMO) and decreasing Repo rates increase money supply, which would worsen inflation.
Question 6

Consider the following statements regarding the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Wholesale Price Index (WPI) in India:

  1. WPI captures changes in the prices of services, whereas CPI does not.
  2. Food items have a higher weightage in CPI than in WPI.
  3. The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) uses CPI-Combined as its primary anchor for inflation targeting. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 
  • A 1 and 2 only
  • B 2 and 3 only
  • C 3 only
  • D 1, 2, and 3
✓ Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Explanation: WPI does not include services (Statement 1 is wrong). CPI has a very high weightage for food (~45%), much higher than WPI.
Question 7

 Which of the following describes the phenomenon of 'Stagflation'?

  1. High Inflation
  2. High Unemployment
  3. High Economic Growth
  4. Stagnant Demand Select the correct answer using the code given below: 
  • A 1 and 2 only
  • B 1, 2, and 4 only
  • C 1, 2, and 3 only
  • D 2 and 4 only
✓ Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Explanation: Stagflation = Stagnation + Inflation. It is characterized by low growth (stagnant demand), high inflation, and high unemployment. High economic growth (3) is the opposite of stagnation.
Question 8

 With reference to 'Base Effect' in inflation, consider the following statements:

  1. It refers to the impact of the price levels of the previous year on the calculation of the current inflation rate.
  2. If the price index was very high in the previous year, the current inflation rate will appear lower even if prices rose significantly. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • A 1 only
  • B 2 only
  • C Both 1 and 2
  • D Neither 1 nor 2
✓ Correct Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Explanation: Inflation is a year-on-year percentage change. If last year's index was artificially high (the base), even a large price jump this year might look like a small percentage increase.
Question 9

Consider the following pairs regarding Five-Year Plans (FYP) and their primary focus:

  1. First FYP: Harrod-Domar Model (Agriculture focus)
  2. Second FYP: Mahalanobis Model (Heavy Industries)
  3. Fifth FYP: Garibi Hatao (Poverty Alleviation)
  4. Seventh FYP: LPG Reforms (Liberalization) Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched? 
  • A 1 and 2 only
  • B 1, 2, and 3 only
  • C 2, 3, and 4 only
  • D 1, 2, 3, and 4
✓ Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Explanation: LPG reforms (Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization) were introduced in 1991 during the Annual Plans (1990-92) and formally integrated into the 8th Plan, not the 7th.
Question 10

 What were the main objectives of the 'Indicative Planning' adopted during the 8th Five-Year Plan?

  1. The government plays the role of a facilitator rather than a direct controller.
  2. Complete elimination of the private sector in core industries.
  3. Setting broad targets for the economy while allowing market forces to operate. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 
  • A 1 and 2 only
  • B 1 and 3 only
  • C 2 and 3 only
  • D 1, 2, and 3
✓ Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Explanation: Indicative planning is a shift toward a market economy where the state guides rather than dictates. It does not eliminate the private sector; it encourages it.

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