CONTEXT

• On May 4, 2025, the Centre released two gene-edited rice varieties:
  • DRR Dhan 100 (Kamala) – developed by Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad.
  • Pusa Rice DST1 – developed by Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi.
• Concerns were raised by Coalition for GM-Free India regarding biosafety and export risks.
• ICAR’s Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture (DKMA) responded, dismissing the fears.

CONCEPT: GENE-EDITED CROPS AND BIOSAFETY

• Gene Editing (SDN-1 & SDN-2):
  • Involves precise edits to plant genomes.
  • No foreign DNA inserted.
  • Exempted from strict GM regulations in many countries.
• Mutation Breeding vs. Gene Editing:
  • Mutation breeding uses radiation/chemicals—more random, less predictable.
  • Gene editing is more targeted, with lower biosafety risks.
•  ICAR’s Stand:
  • SDN-1 and SDN-2 edits are mutant variants of native genes.
  • Safe with >75 years history of consumption.
  • India follows SOPs and global biosafety protocols.

CURRENT 

• No evidence of biosafety concerns in gene-edited rice.
•  Public fear termed baseless; points to successful adoption of Bt cotton (>90% farmers).
•  30+ countries exempt SDN-1 & SDN-2 from strict GMO norms.
• EU’s 2022 analysis: Gene editing has lower risk than conventional mutation techniques.
• Export concern: Released rice types are non-Basmati (EU imports minimal).
• India ready to lose minor EU market to prioritize farmer and consumer interests.