NEWS

• On October 10, 2025, the Supreme Court of India (CJI-led Bench) directed the Jharkhand government to provide an undertaking for notifying a new wildlife sanctuary in Saranda.
• Saranda, in West Singhbhum district, is home to one of India’s largest Sal forests and a biodiversity hotspot.

HIGHLIGHTS

• SC asked the Jharkhand government to notify 314 sq km as a wildlife sanctuary.
• The case arose from a plea seeking NGT’s July 2022 directive on declaring Saranda/Sasangada as an eco-sensitive zone.
• Historical context: Saranda was a “game sanctuary” in 1968 (undivided Bihar). Under Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, pre-existing sanctuaries are “deemed” sanctuaries.

Ecological Importance:

• Saranda covers 856 sq km; 816 sq km reserved forest, rest protected forest.
• Hosts elephants, four-horned antelope, sloth bear; contains three elephant corridors.
• Faces habitat degradation and fragmentation, largely due to illegal mining.

Legal & Institutional Aspects:

• State government can declare sanctuaries under Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
• Reserve forests: Highest protection under Indian Forest Act, 1927.
• National Green Tribunal (NGT) monitors environmental compliance.

Significance:

• Ensures biodiversity conservation, protection of flora and fauna, and regulation of mining activities.
• Highlights the delicate balance between ecological protection and tribal livelihood rights.
• Reinforces judicial oversight in implementing environmental laws.