CONTEXT

• Kappatagudda is a hill range in Gadag district, Karnataka
• Known as the “Sahyadri of Karnataka“, it holds historic significance linked to Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas.
• Area rich in biodiversity and medicinal plants; locals revere it as sacred.
• Previously threatened by mining and quarrying pressures; strong opposition from environmentalists and communities.
• Conservation gained urgency due to ecological degradation, prompting state and central government action.

CONCEPT

• Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) act as protective buffers around protected areas (sanctuaries, national parks).
• Aim to restrict activities like mining, large-scale construction, and pollution within a specified radius.
• Designated under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 by MoEF&CC after public and state consultation.
• Kappatagudda declared a Wildlife Sanctuary in 2019, upgraded from a conservation reserve.
• ESZ regulation ensures protection of forest, wildlife corridors, water sources, and traditional livelihoods.
• Promotes sustainable tourism, eco-restoration, and regulated development.

CURRENT

On June 4, 2025, the Centre issued the final ESZ notification for Kappatagudda.

• Total ESZ area: 322.695 sq km (includes 298.89 sq km revenue land + 23.80 sq km forest land).
• 62 villages fall within the ESZ boundary; development now governed by green norms.
• All quarrying and mining banned within 1 km of the sanctuary boundary; existing quarries to shut down.
• Follows over a year of draft proposals and feedback, now legally enforceable.
• Karnataka Tourism developing eco-lodges, trekking routes, and wildlife galleries to promote responsible tourism.
• Rare species like the white-naped tit discovered recently, highlighting the area’s ecological value.
• Trails like Jalligeri MTB and Mahalingpur stays being upgraded to boost eco-tourism.