Introduction

Global hunger remains one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century. The UN’s State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025 highlights that while global undernourishment has declined to 8.2% (673 million people), progress remains uneven. Among developing countries, India stands out as a pivotal player, not just for its national achievements but also for its global leadership potential in food security and nutrition.

India’s Progress in Reducing Hunger

• Decline in undernourishment: From 14.3% (2020–22) to 12% (2022–24), equivalent to 30 million fewer hungry people.

• Pandemic resilience: Despite severe disruptions, India ensured food access for vulnerable households.

• Role of governance: Smarter policymaking, digitalisation, and targeted welfare contributed significantly.

Transformation of the Public Distribution System (PDS)

• Digital innovations: Aadhaar-based targeting, biometric authentication, and real-time inventory tracking.

• Portability of entitlements: One Nation, One Ration Card benefitting migrant populations.

• Pandemic response: Subsidised staples provided to 800+ million people, ensuring resilience.
  Analysis: PDS reforms show how technology can address leakages and enhance inclusivity in welfare delivery.

From Calories to Nutrition

• Persistent challenge: Over 60% of Indians cannot afford a healthy diet due to high costs of nutrient-rich foods.

• Government initiatives:

  • PM POSHAN school-feeding scheme with nutrition focus.

  • Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) prioritising dietary diversity.

• Dual burden: While hunger is reducing, malnutrition, obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies are rising, especially in urban poor.
  Analysis: India’s next challenge is not just “feeding” but ensuring nutritional security.

The Need for Agrifood System Transformation

• Boosting nutrient-rich food production: Pulses, fruits, vegetables, and animal products.

• Reducing food loss: Nearly 13% of produce lost post-harvest due to lack of cold storage and logistics.

• Empowering women & FPOs: Supporting climate-resilient crops and local enterprises enhances both livelihoods and nutrition.

• Digital advantage: Platforms like AgriStack, e-NAM, geospatial tools improve planning, logistics, and market access.
  Analysis: Structural reforms must bridge gaps between food production, affordability, and consumption.

India’s Global Role

• India’s experience demonstrates how political will + digital tools + social protection can reduce hunger.

• As a leader of the Global South, India can export lessons on PDS reforms, digital agriculture, and inclusive nutrition programmes.

• Progress in India is central to achieving SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) globally by 2030.

Conclusion

India’s achievements in reducing undernourishment, revitalising the PDS, and expanding nutrition-sensitive interventions highlight its central role in the fight against global hunger. Yet, the challenge ahead is transitioning from calorie sufficiency to nutrition security. With sustained reforms in agrifood systems, stronger women-led enterprises, and digital governance, India can become a symbol of hope for the world.
Truly, the path to ending global hunger runs through India.

For classes, materials, test series and mentorship – contact us at +91 6366-294954