The Government of India has implemented various welfare mechanisms in accordance with the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) as outlined in the Constitution of India. These mechanisms aim to promote social, economic, and political justice, enhance the welfare of the people, and ensure a just and equitable society. Here are some key welfare mechanisms aligned with the DPSP:

1. Universalization of Elementary Education

• Programme of Universalisation of Elementary Education: To provide free and compulsory education to all children up to the age of 14 years, aligning with Article 45 of the DPSP. The 86th Amendment Act, 2002, introduced Article 21-A, making education a fundamental right for children aged 6 to 14 years.

2. Welfare Schemes for Weaker Sections

• Scholarships and Hostels: Various scholarship programs and hostels for students from Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs).
• Prevention of Atrocities Act: Enacted to protect SCs and STs from atrocities and provide severe punishments for such offenses.

3. Land Reforms

• Land Reform Acts: Enacted to provide ownership rights to poor farmers and distribute land to SCs, STs, and the landless poor. Over 20 million acres of land have been distributed as part of these reforms.

4. Employment and Livelihood Schemes

• Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA): Provides at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every rural household.
• Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY): Launched to attain the objective of gainful employment for the rural poor, implemented through Panchayati Raj institutions.

5. Panchayati Raj Institutions

• 73rd Amendment Act: Strengthened the Panchayati Raj institutions, providing for the reservation of seats for women and SCs/STs in Panchayats, promoting self-governance at the village level.

6. Public Health and Nutrition

• National Rural Health Mission (NRHM): Aimed at improving healthcare delivery across rural India.
• Mid-Day Meal Scheme: Provides free lunches to children in primary and upper primary classes in government and government-aided schools to improve nutritional levels and encourage attendance.

7. Minimum Wage and Employment Protection

• Minimum Wages Act, 1948: Empowers the government to fix minimum wages for employees in various employments.
• Equal Remuneration Act, 1976: Ensures equal pay for equal work for both men and women.

8. Consumer Protection

• Consumer Protection Act, 1986: Provides for the better protection of consumer rights and the establishment of consumer councils and other authorities for the settlement of consumer disputes.

9. Legal Aid

• Free Legal Aid: Ensures that legal aid is provided at the expense of the state in criminal cases if the accused is too poor to engage a lawyer, in accordance with Article 39A.

10. Women and Child Welfare

• Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS): Provides food, preschool education, and primary healthcare to children under 6 years of age and their mothers.
• Maternity Benefit Act, 1961: Regulates the employment of women in certain establishments for certain periods before and after childbirth and provides for maternity benefits.

11. Housing and Urban Development

• Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY): Aims to provide affordable housing to the urban poor with a target of constructing 20 million affordable houses by March 2022.

12. Agricultural and Rural Development

• Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY): Provides insurance coverage and financial support to farmers in the event of crop failure.
• Soil Health Card Scheme: Provides farmers with information on the nutrient status of their soil and recommendations for appropriate dosage of fertilizers.

13. Environmental Protection

• National Green Tribunal Act, 2010: Established to handle expeditiously the cases pertaining to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.

14. Social Security and Pensions

• National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP): Provides financial assistance to the elderly, widows, and persons with disabilities in the form of social pensions.

15. Food Security

• National Food Security Act, 2013: Ensures access to adequate quantity of quality food at affordable prices to people to live a life with dignity.

These welfare mechanisms reflect the government's commitment to fulfilling the Directive Principles of State Policy, aiming to create a more inclusive and equitable society.