In the parliamentary system of government in India, the roles of the Legislature, Judiciary, and Executive are distinct yet interconnected, each playing a vital role in the functioning of the government. Here's an examination of their relative roles and the evolving power dynamics:

1. Legislature (Parliament):
   • The Legislature, consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha at the central level and state legislative assemblies at the state level, is responsible for making laws.
   • Its primary role is to debate and pass legislation, scrutinize government policies through discussions, and represent the interests of the people.
   • The Parliament holds the power to make laws on subjects enumerated in the Constitution's Union List and Concurrent List.
   • It also exercises control over the Executive through mechanisms such as Question Hour, Parliamentary Committees, and no-confidence motions.
2. Judiciary (Courts):
   • The Judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court at the apex and High Courts at the state level, interprets laws, safeguards constitutional rights, and resolves disputes.
   • Its role includes ensuring that laws passed by the Legislature and actions of the Executive adhere to the Constitution's provisions.
   • The Judiciary also has the power of judicial review, enabling it to strike down laws or executive actions that are unconstitutional.
3. Executive (Government):
   • The Executive, comprising the President at the central level and Governors at the state level, along with the Council of Ministers led by the Prime Minister, is responsible for implementing laws and policies.
   • Its functions include governance, administration, policy formulation, and execution of laws.
   • The Executive is accountable to the Legislature and can be questioned and held accountable for its actions through parliamentary oversight mechanisms.

Regarding the assertion that executives have tended to become more powerful over the years, there are several factors to consider:

1. Expansion of Executive Powers:
   • Over time, there has been a trend of the Executive branch assuming more powers, especially in areas such as policymaking, administration, and decision-making.
   • Emergency provisions, executive ordinances, and delegated legislation have at times expanded executive authority beyond the scrutiny of the Legislature.
2. Political Dynamics:
   • Political factors such as stable majority governments and coalition politics have influenced the strength of the Executive.
   • Strong leadership within the Executive, coupled with effective coordination among government departments, can contribute to increased executive power.
3. Judicial Activism:
   • The Judiciary's role in checking executive actions through judicial review has sometimes led to perceptions of judicial activism.
   • While judicial activism can act as a check on executive power, it can also be perceived as encroaching on the Executive's domain.
4. Parliamentary Oversight:
   • The effectiveness of parliamentary oversight mechanisms, such as parliamentary committees, question hours, and debates, can impact the balance of power between the Legislature and the Executive.
   • Robust parliamentary scrutiny and accountability mechanisms can mitigate excessive concentration of power within the Executive.

In conclusion, while there has been a historical trend of the Executive gaining influence, the separation of powers and checks and balances inherent in India's parliamentary system are designed to maintain a balance of power among the Legislature, Judiciary, and Executive. The relative strength of each institution can vary based on political dynamics, constitutional interpretations, and the functioning of democratic institutions.