Write a note on features of Kadamba architecture. (12 MARKS)(GS1)
Kadambas created new style of architecture. The Kadamba architecture reflects a blend of Nagara and Dravida styles. While the Shikara is more reminiscent of the Nagara style, the overall temple structure aligns with Dravida traditions. The fusion of these styles showcases the cultural and artistic synthesis during the Kadamba period.
The most prominent feature of Kadamba architecture was Shikara called Kadamba Shikara. The tower rises in steps without any decoration (pyramid shaped shikara) with pinnacle (Stupika or Kalasha) on top
The Kadamba temples vimana usually square in plan, the tower is pyramidal shape and constitutes a series of horizontal step stages decorated with uniform series of quadrangular vertical projections and covering vestibules attached to vimana, the stages are more numerous and less elevated, devoid of pavilion ornamentation
The cave temples were hewn out of solid rock, and they often consisted of a sanctum sanctorum (garbhagriha), a hall (mandapa), and sometimes a separate shrine for Nandi, the bull associated with Lord Shiva.
The most famous example of Kadamba rock-cut architecture is the cave temple at Arvalem (Harvalem) in Goa, dedicated to Lord Shiva. It features intricate carvings and sculptures on the pillars and walls
Many Kadamba temples follow the Panchayatana style, incorporating multiple shrines dedicated to different deities in a symmetrical layout.
The primary shrine, usually dedicated to Shiva or Vishnu, is surrounded by smaller shrines for subsidiary deities
The Mukhamantapa, or the entrance hall, is a prominent feature in Kadamba temples. It serves as a gathering space for devotees and often features intricately carved pillars. The pillars in the entrance hall are known for their unique motifs and designs
Kadamba temples were primarily constructed using local materials like sandstone and laterite. The construction involved intricate carvings and sculptures, showcasing the high level of craftsmanship during the Kadamba period
Sculptural Elements:
Devakoshtas: Niches on the temple walls, known as Devakoshtas, house sculptures of deities. These niches are adorned with finely carved motifs.
Dwarapalakas: The entrance of the sanctum is often guarded by sculptures of doorkeepers or Dwarapalakas. These figures are carved with attention to detail
Elaborate ceiling panels with geometric and floral patterns
The ceilings are sometimes adorned with depictions of celestial beings, adding to the aesthetic appeal of the temple interiors.
Inscriptions on the temple walls provide historical and cultural information about the Kadamba dynasty and the patronage extended to the construction of the temple.
These inscriptions often include details about the rulers, the architects, and the purpose of the temple.
Famous temples: Lakshmi Devi temple, Doddagaddavalli : Bhoo Varaha Laxmi Narasimha Temple Halasi : Bhutanatha group of temples , Badami
