1. Brain Storming
2. Nominal Group Technique
3. Pareto chart
4. Fishbone Diagram
5. Process Chart

Structure:

Introduction:   Importance of Problem solving and quality tools to solve them in administration.

Body:  Write a note on each quality tools mentioned in question.

Conclusion: By specifying need of both Formal and Informal Organisation to achieve the goals 

Supporting points:

Problem Solving is one of the most important process in Administration. For an effective problem management, it is very important to identify the “Root Cause” of the problem. Root cause(s) can be found only if we have a proper understanding of the process. For the Proper understanding and effective implementation of project following methods can be used.

Brain storming : Brainstorming is an activity used to generate an creative ideas. It can be done individually or as a group. Brainstorming should not be used for analysis or for decision making. It combines an informal approach to problem solving with lateral thinking,  which is a method for developing new concepts to solve problems by looking at them in innovative ways.  some of these ideas can be built into original,  ll Creative Solutions to a problem,  while others can generate additional ideas.

             The rules for brainstorming are:  all ideas are acceptable (  focus on quantity not quality),  every one suspense judgement until the process is complete,   Encourage wild ideas,  build on the ideas put forward by others and use existing ideas to generate new ideas.

Nominal group: The nominal group technique  is group process involving problem identification,  solution generation  and decision making.  it can be used in groups of many sizes who want to make the decisions quick, as by a vote,  but what everyone's opinion taken into account ( consensus).  The method of tallying is the difference.  First,  every member of the group give their view of the solution, with the short explanation.  Then,  duplicate solutions are eliminated from the list of all solutions,  and the memories proceed to rank the solutions,  does arriving at efficient solution.

Pareto chart,  named after Vilfredo Pareto,  is a type of chart that contains both bars and line graph,  where individual values are represented in descending order by bars,  and then cumulative total is represented by the line.  At the leadership or management level, Pareto charts can be used at the start of a new round of quality improvement to figure out what business problems are responsible for the most complaints or losses and dedicate improvement resources to those.  collecting and examining data like that can often result in surprises and upend an organisation’s conventional wisdom.

Fishbone diagram,  also called as cause and effect diagram or ishikawa diagram,  is a visualisation tool for categorising the potential causes of a problem in order to identify its root causes.  The technique uses Geography kal means to relate the causes of a problem to the problem itself,  in other words,  to determine cause and effect.  The diagram focuses on the causes rather than the effect.  Because there may be a number of causes for a particular problem,  this technique helps to identify the root cause of the problem in a structured and uncomplicated manner.

Process Chart : A process chart is a visual representation of the sequence of steps and decisions needed to perform a process. Each step in the sequence is noted within a diagram shape. Steps are linked by connecting lines and directional arrows. This allows anyone to view the flowchart and logically follow the process from beginning to end.

A Process chart is a powerful business tool. With proper design and construction, it communicates the steps in a process very effectively and efficiently.