NEWS: Phulkari, the traditional embroidery craft of Punjab, received a GI tag in 2010, but artisans continue to face livelihood and recognition challenges.

ABOUT

• Meaning: “Flower work”; traditional Punjabi textile embroidery.
• Material: Cotton Khadder (base cloth) + silk thread Pat.
• Technique: Small vertical, horizontal and diagonal stitches creating a distinctive shadow effect.
• Designs: Geometrical, floral and faunal motifs such as peacocks, elephants, birds and camels.
• Traditional Products: Chaddars, dupattas and stoles, especially linked with brides and ceremonial occasions.

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE

• Origin is debated; theories link it to 7th-century India and Iranian Gulkari.
• Earliest mentioned reference in Punjabi literature dates to the 18th century.
• Became an important symbol of Punjab’s cultural identity and traditional craftsmanship.

GI SIGNIFICANCE

• GI tag provides legal recognition to Phulkari’s geographical and traditional identity.
• However, GI recognition alone does not ensure artisan welfare; market access, fair remuneration, branding and institutional support are needed.